Turkey's Role in Somalia: A Centralized Strategy Amidst Fragility and Conflict

Introduction
Somalia’s protracted state collapse, marked by civil war, terrorism, and failed governance, has drawn diverse international responses. Since 2011, Turkey has emerged as a pivotal actor, blending humanitarian aid, military support, and state-building efforts. However, the potential collapse of Somalia’s federal government—often criticized as the "DamulJadiid regime" for alleged corruption and mismanagement—and the Somali National Army’s (SNA) inability to counter Al-Shabab’s resurgence have intensified debates over Turkey’s strategy. By prioritizing military and political support to Mogadishu, Turkey seeks to centralize power under the federal government. This essay examines Turkey’s approach, contrasts it with multilateral international efforts, and evaluates its viability in stabilizing Somalia.

Historical Context of Turkish Engagement
Turkey’s involvement in Somalia began in 2011 with humanitarian aid during a devastating famine, distinguishing itself through high-profile visits by then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. This evolved into long-term development projects, including infrastructure, education, and healthcare, alongside military cooperation. Turkey’s construction of its largest African military base in Mogadishu (2017) and training of over 5,000 SNA troops underscored its commitment. Unlike traditional donors, Turkey combined soft power with strategic investments, such as Turkish Airlines’ direct flights and the rebuilding of critical infrastructure like Mogadishu’s airport and hospitals.